HeroesA Definitive Essay Essay Research Paper Do free essay sample

Legends A Definitive Essay, Research Paper Make you have what it takes? In today s current occasions we hear the word saint the entirety of the clasp. The knowledge media tosses the term about as though it is an unremarkable word. What correctly is a legend? Who, for sure, can be delegated a gallant? The correct meaning of the word saint is: One put with epic characteristics in the assumptions of others. That is a good definition for books and balanced heads. To the mean individual, in any case, a saint is considerably more. To all the more likely comprehend what an epic quality is it might be simpler to portray what a legend is non. About unremarkable on broadcasting individuals discuss muscle heads and celebrated people as being saints, however right? To set it gently, they are non legends by any means. Potentially work hypothetical records, however for the most part, non in responsibility for characteristics. We will compose a custom article test on HeroesA Definitive Essay Research Paper Do or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page At the point when Michael Jordan and Bruce Willis, by put on the covering their lives, spare a relinquished child from a hurricane they will have the characteristics to be called saints in my feeling. Policemans and fire fighters are now and again delegated saints. Until they substantiate themselves they are just customary individuals. The rubric gallant is non given by business, rather by achievement. So what correctly is a saint? Guardians are genuine legends. Most parental units relinquish cut, cash, love and everything else for their children. At the point when difficulties are out of hand great guardians do everything they can to improve for their children. Moms and male guardians much of the time work two occupations, delinquently at dull, or on ends of the week to flexibly for their childs. My mama is ever there for me when I am sick, expressing me she wants to be the evil 1. She other than consoles me that she ever has an overabundance kidney on the off chance that I happen to require one. I for one view my folks as obvious legends for everything they do, hold done, and will make. A neighborhood saint developed late in Flint Police Officer Leslie Keely. Obviously put, Officer Keely gave his life, for us, the inhabitants of Genesee County. Les Keely passed on while in the line of obligation. Associated with a high-speed pursue of a vehicle, Keely was executed when his watch vehicle was struck broadside by another constabulary auto, driven by a Michigan State Trooper. By then in cut, Officer Keely turned into a squint of an eye saint . He lost the majority of import thing known to man, his life, making what he was paid to make, work and secure the masses. In the most shocking way conceivable a legend was a result of expire and disaster, in Officer Leslie Keely. Another nearby legend late was a result of heartbreaking occasions. This curious grown-up male was murdered looking to be a Good Samaritan. Hearing a car crash on the turnpike outside his habitation he went to help the people in question. While helping the individuals associated with the mishap the grown-up male was struck by a passing auto and murdered. A Good Samaritan, a grown-up male only helping individual universes, slaughtered while conferring a manus. That is really epic. Did he hold to go forward his home to help? Would it hold been extraordinary in the event that he stayed inside, and hung tight for the constabulary? Without a doubt thus, yet this grown-up male chose to check whether he could offer guide, and he lost his life. That grown-up male is a saint to the furthest reaches of the word. A legend can come in all structures, sizes, sexual orientations, and racial foundations. Saints stroll among us ordinary typically ignorant to our knowing on the grounds that legends, for the most part are profoundly low. They do non stroll around with legend here embellished on their clothes. Most, truth be told, deny that the individual has even been courageous ; intermittently expressing they did what they thought was the proper thing to make. Each individual person that we arrange as a legend is on the grounds that they did what they thought was correct, or what was anticipated from them. Each American officer slaughtered in battle for opportunity and self-governance. The entirety of the constabulary officials and firemans that spare lives, effects or who are slaughtered in the line of duty. People groups who give assortment meats to rescue lives, the grown-up male slaughtered on the interstate gave his chest, liver and kidneys. Instructors and students executed in school shots. Great Samaritans that die while helping others or who chance their lives to rescue different lives. They are genuine legends. Regular individuals that become saints for what they have done. People groups have their ain contemplations of who can be known as a saint. Whoever those individuals named legends might be, the term saint ought to non be utilized gently. It must be saved for only the individuals who truly merit. Not work hypothetical records, yet the individuals we call saints.

Goodness of Fit and Independence Testing †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Goodness of Fit and Independence Testing. Answer: Presentation: The examination centers around connection between pay levels and certainty levels. It is for the most part being accepted that individuals who are progressively sure about nearby police can work all the more effectively and in this way, they gain more. The reality will be tried with Chi square test method. Information has been gathered on significant factors and classified by prerequisite. Information the board with the sub divisions are portrayed through Pie graph. The dataset is about connection between certainty levels on neighborhood police and people groups salary levels. Certainty levels are separated into 4 divisions. The divisions are: no certainty by any stretch of the imagination, not a lot of sure, a considerable amount of certainty, a lot of certainty. Pay levels are isolated into 6 general gatherings. The gatherings resemble: under $30k, $30k to under $60k, $60k to under $90k, $90k to under $120k, $120k to not as much as dollar $150k, $150 k or more and dont know the pay or would not state salary. Information are organized in a possibility table or cross table and recurrence for each cross gathering is noted. Recurrence table and Pie graph: There are two factors named certainty levels and salary levels and the pie diagrams are being built one for every factor. Table 2: Frequency table for certainty levels. C1-How much certainty do you have in the neighborhood police in your general vicinity? Recurrence No certainty by any stretch of the imagination 68 Not a lot of certainty 398 A considerable amount of certainty 1244 A lot of certainty 656 It shows the level of certainty levels of police division. The levels are being isolated into four sub-gatherings. Four gatherings are no certainty by any means, not a lot of certainty, Quite a ton of certainty and a lot of certainty (Lipsitz et al. 2015). Recurrence of individuals with low certainty is the base and recurrence of individuals with incredible certainty is most extreme. Individuals with not a lot of certainty and Quite a ton of certainty have medium recurrence. Table 2: Frequency table for Distribution of salary: Salary Recurrence Under $30k 337 $30k to under $60k 516 $60k to under $90k 427 $90k to under $120k 277 $120k to under $150k 119 $150k or more 146 Don't have a clue/Refuse 544 Salary levels are delineated in this pie graph. Levels are being isolated into 7 gatherings like under $30k, $30k to under $60k, $60k to under $90k, $90k to under $120k, $120$ to under $150k, and division who wouldn't show their salary (Farg and Khalil 2015). The graphs shows that individuals with pay in $120k to under $150k are least in number. Most noteworthy recurrence lies in the gathering of $60k to under $90k. Rest of the salary bunch has recurrence in them. Chi-Square Test: A chi-square test has been conveyed to check whether salary levels and certainty levels are needy (Sharpe 2015). Requires speculation is: H0: salary level and certainty levels are free versus H1: Income level and certainty interims are reliant administration. Required test measurement: - Chi-detail: {displaystyle chi ^{2}} , where O is watched recurrence and E is normal recurrence (Gaboardi et al. 2016). Estimation results: Table 3: Calculated qualities for Chi square test. Computations Worth a 0.05 df 18 c2 20.88 p-esteem 0.29 c2-crit esteem 28.87 Sig No The test is being made at 5% level of noteworthiness. It very well may be seen that p-esteem 0.05 and furthermore, arranged chi-square determined chi-square. Along these lines, the invalid speculation will be dismissed and it very well may be said that salary levels and certainty levels are autonomous. End: It tends to be finished up from the test that salary levels and certainty levels are autonomous. Information are being gathered here on various pay levels and counted. Certainty levels are likewise being set apart in four classifications. With a chi square test, it has been seen that the two levels are not under any condition related. References: Farg, M.H.M. what's more, Khalil, F.M.H., 2015. Measurable Analysis of Academic Level of Student in Quantitative Methods Courses by Using Chi-Square Test and Markov Chains-Case Study of Faculty of Sciences and Humanities (Thadiq)- Shaqra University-KSA.Transition,20(2), p.1. Gaboardi, M., Lim, H.W., Rogers, R.M. what's more, Vadhan, S.P., 2016. Differentially private chi-squared speculation testing: Goodness of fit and freedom testing. InICML'16 Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on International Conference on Machine Learning-Volume 48. JMLR. Lipsitz, S.R., Fitzmaurice, G.M., Sinha, D., Hevelone, N., Giovannucci, E. what's more, Hu, J.C., 2015. Testing for freedom in J K possibility tables with complex example study data.Biometrics,71(3), pp.832-840. Sharpe, D., 2015. Your chi-square test is factually critical: Now what?.Practical Assessment, Research Evaluation,20.

Compare And Contrast Essay Example

Compare and contrast is a very versatile type of essay, as it can be used in several fields of study. If you were to discuss and make a distinction between two very similar ideas, a compare and contrast essay can help you prove your point clearly. The downside of writing a compare and contrast essay is that it is too sensitive to write. It is not as simple as comparing the two subjects youve chosen. You have to identify their similarities and differences and build a bridge between those findings in order to come up with a conclusion that will support the aim of your essay. If you are confused as to how a compare and contrast essay should be properly written, here is a compare and contrast essay example.John Stuart Mills Utilitarianism and Jeremy Benthams Introduction to the Principles of Morals and LegislationA Comparative Paper Though Jeremy Bentham(17481832) was generally credited to create thefirst systematic account of utilitarianism, ideas motivating the theory had already occ urred much earlier. Benthams moral and political philosophies are mainly evident in his book An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation wherein the first chapter immediately discusses the Benthams Principle of Utility. Benthams utility refers not only to the usefulness of things or actions, but to the degree in which these things or actions promote the goodness and happiness to the general populace. Therefore, things or actions that produce the greatest happiness for the most number of people is considered morally right and conversely, while things or actions that fail to produce or maximize the greatest happiness for the most number of people are considered morally wrong. In promoting the interest of a populace or a community, one must first understand its componentsthe interests of an individual. The interests of the community are then made up of the overall interests of a great number of individuals. An important note to the principle of utility is the role of pl easure and pain, which Bentham declares as the two sovereign masters or the primary motivators of humankind. Pleasure and pain is equated to good and evil. Thus, the measure of good or happiness is dictated upon by the amount of pleasure or pain brought upon the greatest number of people. Bentham suggests that a formal calculation is not necessary and not applicable to all moral judgment. He adds that the utility of an object can be measured if it aims for the common good of the people. Bentham argues that the value of the property relies on the degree of the pleasure or pain it gives to the owner. If the legislations pleasure is pure, then it is likely to have a good effect to the people and promotes common good. But if the pleasure is not pure, then it is most likely to have a negative effect on the people in the long run. Another proponent of utilitarianism is John Stuart Mill. John Stuart Mills book Utilitarianismis a classical exposition in support of the said ethical theo ry. The essay was first published in Frasers Magazine in 1861 as a series of three articles. The articles were compiled and reprinted as a single book in 1863. Mill explains that utilitarianism suggests that actions that promote happiness are considered right, and actions that promote the opposite is considered wrong. Mill elaborated the creed of Utility or the Greatest Happiness Principle, accepted as the foundation of morals and is the best theory of ethics. He described happiness as pleasure and the absence of pain. As for pain, he described it as the privation of pain. By this, Mill stresses that pleasure and the freedom from pain are the only desirable ends. Mill defends utilitarianism from the criticisms it had received. For example, Mill disagreed that the principle of utility is only for swine since they are the only ones whose mission is pleasure. Mill also argued that utility is in fact obtainable. He also explains the intellectual pleasure is much higher than any oth er kind of pleasure like bodily pleasures. This can be gained through the cultivation of ones critical and intellectual faculties. Mills principle of utility was greatly influenced by Jeremy Benthams utilitarianism. According to Mill, utilitarianism can apply the sanctions that are also applied by any other kind of moral philosophy. He explains that there are two kinds: external and internal. External sanctions pertain to both the approval and disapproval of the people around us, such as family and friends. This can also refer to the acceptance or wrath of a higher deity. On the other hand, internal sanctions are our inner thoughts on morality, the nuances of which are represented by our conscience. His perspective is quite faulty for it is fully dependent on the idea that all of humanity deeply wishes for the happiness of one another, thereby negating the possibility that humans make decisions purely based on selfish goals. Based from the events, one can deduce that mans true nature isnt that of pure goodness. Humans are neither inherently inclined to help each other. Government, religion, and other institutions that aim to discipline man were erected in recognition of mans chaotic will. The theory of evolution is built upon one lawsurvival of the fittest. Every individuals main goal is to survive and that idea in itself is already selfish in tone. Bentham and Mill are classical utilitarians who tried to use utilitarianism to inform law and social policy. However, their take on utilitarianism is same and different in a way or two. Benthams utilitarianism focuses on the belief that pain and pleasure directs our actions. His view on utilitarianism focuses on quantity of pleasure and pain. He formulated the felicific calculus by which pleasure can be measured. This quantitative principle is divided into seven aspects: duration, intensity, remoteness, certainty, purity, richness and extent. The usefulness of things or actions must see the extent to w hich these things or actions promote happiness. Such usefulness is called the principle of utility. For Bentham, what is morally right is to promote the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people. Anything that is consistent with happiness is either good, should be done or right. Happiness, in Benthams definition, is the presence of pleasure and the absence of pain. Actions are also evaluated based on their consequences. This utilitarianism is seen as hedonistic. Mills utilitarianism, on the other hand, focuses on the quality of pleasure. He is convinced that there is pleasure that is more valuable than others and that is pleasure that employs the higher faculties of a human (i.e. judgment, imagination, moral sentiments, empathy, etc.). Such pleasure is happiness which is the utilitarian end for Mill. He wanted to redevelop the notion that pleasures are not all of equal value, in contrast to Benthams claim that everybody is to count for one, and nobody for more than one. Mill also wanted to take human nature into account, for example, by placing weight on the effectivity of internal sanctions that regulate a persons own actions such as guilt and remorse. Bentham and Mill provided in-depth insight not only in the ways that legislation ought to be founded, but also on how to regulate it from the perspective of an individual towards promoting common good. Suffice it to say that Bentham set the framework, and Mill supplied the nuances with which it must be put in practice; Bentham laid the tenets, and Mill provided the delineation. Mills interpretation of utilitarianism, therefore is a more sophisticated and enlightened version of Benthams laid principles. The two versions, however, are not mutually exclusive. An amalgamation of both should provide a clear blueprint for any government aspiring to enact moral, conscientious legislation.Custom essay writing service for studentsDespite reading several compare and contrast essay examples, y ou may still mistake a compare and contrast essay with a cause and effect essay. Remember, the main purpose of a compare and contrast essay is to build a bridge between the differences of the two subjects, and to identify their differences. The danger in writing a compare and contrast essay on complex subjects if you are not used to it is that you might unknowingly write a cause and effect essay instead. If time is a commodity you cannot afford and you fear that your grades might suffer because of a wrong type of essay, then secure your grades by availing online essay writing services with . Not only will you receive better grades; you will also have more time to focus on your other academic subjects. s online essay help is composed of professional writers who are willing to help stressed students by way of custom written papers. Send us a message if you are in need of a custom essay, custom research paper, or any other academic paper. Our help is just a message away.

Deweys Rational Problem Solving Process - 1326 Words

When it comes to conflict in the workplace, it is not a question of if it will occur, but rather a question of when. There is also a question of how well managers will deal with this conflict and if it will become constructive or destructive (Hynes, 2010, p. 237). John Dewey recommends using a 6 stage process that reasonable individuals can use to solve a problem (Hynes, 2010, p. 311). Dewey recommends first defining a problem, analyzing a problem and then brainstorming possible answers to the problem (Hynes, 2010, p. 311). He then recommends identifying the parameters of what must occur to eliminate a problem, choosing the best solution from identified options and then implementing the chosen solution (Hynes, 2010, p. 311). Dewey’s Rational Problem-Solving Process The conflict described in Case 10-1 is a classic case of a non-managerial employee being pulled in multiple directions by managerial employees. Rankin, a non-managerial employee in the Credit department, often helps Sims, the manager of Accounting (Hynes, 2010, p. 238). However, sales have been increasing so Rankin has not been able to help Sims as often as she previously had been because she has also needed to assist the Sales department (Hynes, 2010, p. 238). As a result, Sims approached Martinez, the manager of Sales, and told him that she needed Rankin’s assistance more than he needed her help in assisting the Sales department (Hynes, 2010, p. 238). Basically, a conflict over a resource ensuedShow MoreRelated Conflict Resolution Analysis: The Case of Linda Sims and Jose Martinez1154 Words   |  5 PagesRankin’s close proximity to accounting, she sometimes assisted with journal entries assigned by Linda. With the current growth of the company, the credit department is expected to process applications more quickly. This situation has led to Rankin being unable to assist, as often, an accounting department that is expected to process at an increased rate as well. Sims complains to Martinez that accounting needs Rankin more than he needs her in credit. This complaint prompts the following response fromRead More John Dewey Essay1595 Words   |  7 Pagesdemocracy and its ideals. A thinker about the problems in education. A prominent voice in America, commanding the admiration of those who agreed with his views, and respect for his mind even from those who did not. The man: John Dewey, an American philosopher. Dewey’s pedagogy was one with three distinctive traits: it was democratic in that it called for pluralism. It was a follower of the scientific method in that it was a systemic approach at solving problems and forming judgments, both practical andRead MoreQuestions On Buying A Car1519 Words   |  7 PagesI. Context and Problem/Opportunity (100 words) Buying a car is a high-involvement purchase as you can be faced was a large selection of choices. When figuring out which car to buy, consumers consult the advice of family and friends. However, according to a vehicle customer survey from Maritz Research, the most important information that is also the most influential in the buying decision tends to come from an individual that has a lot of knowledge on the product, such as a cars salesperson at theRead MoreReflective teaching2038 Words   |  9 PagesIn 1933 John Dewey (1933) introduced his theories and concepts on how people think. He identified a number of different modes of thought including reflection. He saw reflection as an aspect of thought, a rational and purposeful act that is more then mere thinking. Dewey contrasted routine action with reflective action, laying the roots of reflective practice in teaching (Zwozdiak-Myers, 2012, p. 5). In his notion of reflective action he described a willingness to engage in self-ass essment, whichRead MoreAction Research Literature Review2754 Words   |  12 Pagesscience. Lewin started with the term ‘action research. His approach to the process is composed of a circle of planning, action and fact-finding. It is sometimes argued that Lewins model place insufficient analysis at key points. Elliot (1991) argued that in the model the ‘general idea can be fixed in advance, that ‘reconnaissance is merely fact-finding and that ‘implementation is a fairly straightforward process. Kemmis developed a more simplistic model that is composed of only four steps:Read MoreAn Overview of Modern Philosophies of Education3464 Words   |  14 Pagesphilosophy. In a pluralistic society, a variety of views are needed. Idealism The quality or state of being ideal. Conception of the ideal; imagery. The system or theory that denies the existence of material bodies, and teaches that we have no rational grounds to believe in the reality of anything but ideas and their relations. The practice or habit of giving or attributing ideal form or character to things; treatment of things in art or literature according to ideal standards or patterns; --Read MoreMy Philosophy Of Education As An Educator2563 Words   |  11 Pagesencouraging them to ascertain an understanding. When doing this the teacher must acknowledge that each student is an individual. The role of the learner is to understand and appreciate themselves and others, being active participants in the learning process. I believe that a dialogical teaching method is the best approach to accomplish these aims and roles. Justification of my personal philosophy will be provided, with references to five different theorists John Dewey, Parker J. Palmer, John Locke, ARead MoreChapter One : Theoretical Framework Essay6065 Words   |  25 Pagesonly around the teacher, putting the learner out of the game. The learner was seen as no more than a jar being filled with information. Besides, all the conversations and debates at that time argued that the active element in the teaching/learning process could be anything except the learner. Knowledge was considered to be poured by the teacher into the learner’s mind meanwhile all what the learner could do inside the classroom was to watch, having a passive role in the construction of his own knowledgeRead MoreCurriculum Development- Let Review9921 Words   |  40 Pages believe that the list of school subjects, syllabi, course of study and list of courses can only be considered curriculum unless actualized by students. * Curriculum is generally defined as the learners total learning experiences based on John Dewey’s beliefs on experience and education , that reflective thinking unifies curricular elements. He believed that thought is not a product of action but tested by application. *Caswell and Campbell believed that â€Å" curriculum consists of â€Å" all experiences

Essay on referencing free essay sample

The reasons why accurate referencing is essential for academic work are not immediately apparent, particularly for students new to higher education. This essay will, therefore, examine why referencing is an essential part of academic writing and in the process address the question: what is the point of referencing? The student introduces the main reasons for referencing. There are three main reasons for referencing. Firstly, referencing helps student writers to construct, structure, support and communicate arguments. Secondly, references link the writers work to the existing body of knowledge.Thirdly, only through referencing can academic work gain credibility. Summarizes the structure of the essay. This essay will discuss these three aspects of referencing in detail, examine their validity, identify how referencing affects a writers writing style, and show how referencing helps students to present their own ideas and opinions in assignments. Engages with the first of the reasons for referencing: construction of arguments. The student draws on the work of a published writer (Becker) in support of the four points made.Note the systematic way the ideas are presented: Firstly Secondly ; Thirdly.. Finally. The writing is descriptive at this point in the essay. Becker (1986) believes the construction of arguments is the most important function of referencing systems. There are four dimensions to this. Firstly, drawing on existing literature, academic writers can construct their own arguments and adopting a referencing system supports this process. Secondly, it helps to structure the existing information and arguments by linking published authors to their respective works.Third, referencing helps academic writers identify sources, gather evidence, as well as show the relationships between existing knowledge. Finally, referencing also provide a ramekin to enable writers to structure their arguments effectively by assessing, comparing, contrasting or evaluating different sources. The word However, signals a change of direction: the writing becomes more analytical. It goes beyond the four points described in the previous paragraph to make a new contribution to the discussion. The student illustrates the point made with a practical example (Barrow Moslem).However, merely describing existing research, rather than producing their own contributions to the discussion, is inadequate for most academic writers. It is important for every academic writer to avoid this narrow-minded argumentation trap; academic writing is not just about compiling existing arguments, but adding new perspectives, finding new arguments, or new ways of combining existing knowledge. For example, Barrow and Moslem (2005) combined the fields Human Resources and Brand Management to develop the Employer Brand concept. Develops the point s made in the previous paragraph, and focuses on the importance of supporting arguments in assignments with valid evidence. The word Hence is a word that can be used to present a particular point of view. When the argument has been constructed, it needs academic support ? ND only references can provide this required support. We all know that academic works are not about stating opinions as that would be akin to journalistic comment but arguments are supported by evidence, and only arguments presented with sufficient and valid support are credible.Hence arguments are only as strong as the underlying evidence: arguments relying on questionable sources are well, questionable. The student is still developing the issue about construction of arguments, but moves on to an important point about referencing: that it provides a framework to distinguish sis the students ideas from those of other writers. The student reinforces and supports the point made by citing the work of a published author. Referencing also enables writers to communicate their arguments efficiently.The referencing framework allows them to produce a holistic work with different perspectives, whilst still emphasizing their own positions; quotations, for example, help the reader to differentiate the writers opinions from others. Again, if arguments are badly referenced, readers might not be able to distinguish the writers own opinions from their sources. Especially for academic beginners, referencing helps them to adapt to the precise and accurate academic writing style required for degree level study. Manville (2007, p. 0) emphasizes this issue of writing style, and identifies the quest to find your own voice as one Of the main reasons for referencing. In academic writing, this requires developing an individual style that is neither convoluted nor convivial in tone, but which is clear, open but measured, and is about identifying and using evidence selectively to build and support ones own arguments. The student uses a quote to give interest to the writing and as a lead-in to the second of the four reasons for referencing: about linking to established dies of knowledge. Uses a quotation to reinforce the main point in this paragraph.Emmanuel Kant said Science is organized knowledge. This short quote brilliantly captures the point that the primary mission of science and other disciplines is not to promote individual achievements, but to establish a connected, collective, and recognized body of knowledge. This is the most fundamental reason for referencing from a theoretical point of view. Hence some authors identify this as the principal reason for referencing: The primary reason for citation is that it encourages and supports the collective construction of academic knowledge (Walker Taylor, 2006, up. 29-30). Explains why linking into existing knowledge is important for academic writers. The writers references are links to this network of knowledge. Without these links an academic work would operate within an academic vacuum, unrelated to existing academic knowledge. A writer needs to show how his or her work relates to current research and debates in their chosen subject area. The student returns to a point made earlier (about separating out own ideas from those of others) but links it this time with the issue of plagiarism. Cites and quotes from a published source to support the points made in this paragraph.Note how the student makes a writing bridge from this paragraph to the next. Referencing not only connects a student writers work to existing research, but clearly distinguishes the writers own ideas from established arguments -and failing to indicate that ideas are taken from the existing body of knowledge would be plagiarism. This is one of the five principles of referencing identified by Walker and Taylor (2006). Manville also identifies the link to existing knowledge as one of the main reasons for adopting a referencing style; he highlights tracing the origin of ideas, spreading knowledge and indicating appreciation (2007, up. -1 0), which leads to the next point. The previous paragraph was largely descriptive in nature. But the word however again signals a change to more analysis. The student brings in a criticism of referencing made by two commentators, Toddy (2006) and Thompson (2003). Note the way the student makes a writing bridge to the next paragraph Referencing a work indicates that the writer finds the referenced material important: hence references create academic clout in an assignment. In the global academic community a more-cited article will find more recognition. However, this practice is not without its critics.Toddy, for example, calls this the sycophantic use of referencing and it can certainly be used to flatter your mentors (2006, p. 186). Thompson calls this radicalized obedience to the reigning authorities (2003, p. 27). So the important issue here is not about selecting references for their expediency value, but for their enduring quality. This brings us to the next point: credibility. Uses a quotation as a way into the discussion about credibility. Also uses quotes from published authors to lend support to the points made. Martin Joseph Route said in 1878: You will find it a very good practice always to verify your references, sir! Correct referencing enables, therefore, the reader to check sources and verify conclusions. The issue of credibility is identified by commentators as a key issue in referencing. Niagara, for example, identifies credibility as the main reason for referencing: The goal of referencing is to enhance your credibility as an author (2008, p. 177). Manville came to the same conclusion that to be taken seriously, [a writer] deeds to make a transparent presentation of valid evidence (2007, p. 10). Also the Academic Learning Support from Central Queensland university (2007) sees the credibility of arguments as primary motive for correct referencing.Note the way a point is introduced and then emphasized with a practical illustration: Some readers, for example, . The word therefore introduces a summary of the main point in this paragraph. References allow the reader to trace the source of the writers arguments, consult the Original independently and verify whether the writers usage Of he sources is valid. Some readers, for example, interested in a point in question, might want to verify the writers interpretation of a referenced work. The quality of references is, therefore, extremely important for the credibility of an academic work.Arguments are only as good as the underlying references untruerotor and unreliable sources can even invalidate an argument, while reliable and dependable sources strengthen the writers argument. Finally: the student signals that the essay is reaching its conclusion. Finally, the writers selection of sources also demonstrates whether the writer has evaluated all important arguments and has a thorough understanding of the subject Only a credible work that takes all important arguments into account will find acceptance in the academic world.The concluding paragraph reminds the reader of the essay question and of the main points made in the essay. We are left with a sense that the student has answered the question. So what is the point of referencing? This essay has presented three main arguments why academic writers have to adopt a referencing system: Firstly, it helps to Structure, support and communicate arguments. Secondly, it links the work to the existing body of knowledge, although it is also important for writers not merely to present the ideas of others, but to contribute where possible with innovative ideas of their own.Thirdly, only referencing can give the argument credibility and this is a particularly significant element for success in the academic world. Harvard Quick Referencing Guide 1 Harvard Referencing Quick Guide What is referencing? Referencing is a system used in the academic community to indicate where ideas, theories, quotes, facts and any other evidence and information used to undertake an assignment, can be found. Why do I need to reference my work? 0 To avoid plagiarism, a form of academic theft.Referencing your work correctly ensures that you give appropriate cred it to the sources and authors that you have used to complete your assignment. C] Referencing the sources that you have used for your assignment demonstrates that you have undertaken wide-ranging research in order to create your work. C Referencing your work enables the reader to consult for themselves the same materials that you used. What do I need to reference? All the information that you have used in your assignment will need to be acknowledged. It is essential to make a note of all the details of the sources that you use for your assignment as you go along.Harvard examples in this guide are based on guidance in: BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTE. (2010). As ISO 6902010. Information and documentation Guidelines for bibliographic references and citations to information resources. Switzerland: ISO Copyright Office. MANVILLE, C. (2010) The Complete Guide to Referencing and Avoiding Plagiarism. 2nd Deed. Maidenhead: Open University Press. The basics Harvard is known as the Author Date system: 1 . Citations in the text of your assignment should be made following the in text guidelines given in the examples on the following pages. 2.A complete list of all the citations used in your text will need to be provided at the end of your assignment. This is called your reference list or bibliography and needs to be presented in alphabetical author/originator order. Capitals: Harvard is not prescriptive about capitalization of authors names in your reference list. If you do wish to use capitals, then the family/surname of authors are only capitalized in this reference list and not in the body of your ark. If you prefer not to use capitals in this list, that is fine, but you must be consistent in the style you decide to use.Italics underlining: Only the title of the source of information is italicized or underlined, but you should choose only one method throughputs assignment and stick to it! Do not use both italics and underlining. Punctuation: Harvard has no one true style of punctuation so the generally accepted rule (BBS ISO 690:201 0) is to be consistent with your style of punctuation throughout the whole of your assignment. Information Services Academic Skills Know-how Harvard Quick Referencing Guide 2 How to reference sources Here are some examples of how to reference commonly used ma trials.

The Mole free essay sample

A mole (symbol Mol) is the base unit of quantity of a substance in the metric system. A mole is the quantity of a substance that contains 6. 02 x 1023 units. A unit is the smallest measurable entity in the substance, generally either an atom or a molecule. The number of units in a mole was determined by Italian chemist (a scientist specializing in the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter) Amedeo Avogadro (1776-1856), one of the founders of modern physical chemistry. For this reason, the value 6. 02 x 1023 is called Avogadros number. One mole of a substance is equal to the substances atomic weight (the average weight of an atom of an element) or molecular weight, in grams. You often want to know how many molecules you have in a sample of a substance. Counting the molecules individually would be completely impractical. Even if you had a way to see the individual molecules, there are just too many, even in a tiny sample. We will write a custom essay sample on The Mole or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Moles were defined to solve the problem of counting large numbers of molecules. With moles, you count the number of molecules in the sample by weighing it. The mole is useful in chemistry because it allows different substances to be measured comparably. Using the same number of moles of two substances, both amounts have the same number of molecules or atoms. The mole makes it easier to understand chemical equations in practical terms. So the equation: 2H2 + O2 2H2O can be understood, as two moles of hydrogen plus one mole of oxygen yields two moles of water. Moles are useful in chemical calculations because they enable the calculation of yields and other values when dealing with particles of different mass. Number of particles is a more useful unit in chemistry than mass or weight, because reactions take place between atoms (for example, two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom make one molecule of water) that have very different weights (one oxygen atom weighs almost 16 times as much as a hydrogen atom). However, the raw numbers of atoms in a reaction are not convenient, because they are very large. Moles can be used in many different ways. Chemical Engineers sometimes measure substance mount in units of gram-moles, kilogram-moles, pound-moles, or ounce-moles; these measure the quantity of a substance whose molecular weight is not equal to its mass in grams, kilograms, pounds, or ounces. Therefore, the mole (unit) takes a major role in the subject chemistry. Not only has the concept of the mole helped to put quantitative information about what happens in a chemical equation on a macroscopic level. The mole can be used to determine the simplest formula of a compound and to calculate the q uantities involved in chemical reactions.

Causes and Effects of Government Shutdowns

Causes and Effects of Government Shutdowns Why would much of the U.S. federal government shut down and what happens when it does?   The Cause of Government Shutdowns The U.S. Constitution requires that all expenditures of federal funds be authorized by Congress with the approval of the President of the United States. The U.S. federal government and the federal budget process operate on a fiscal year cycle running from October 1 to midnight September 30. If Congress fails to pass all of the spending bills comprising the annual federal budget or continuing resolutions extending spending beyond the end of the fiscal year; or if the president fails to sign or vetoes any of the individual spending bills, certain non-essential functions of the government may be forced to cease due to a lack of congressionally-authorized funding. The result is a government shutdown. The Current Border Wall Shutdown of 2019 The most recent government shutdown, and the third of the Donald Trump presidency began on December 22, 2018, when Congress and the White House failed to agree on the inclusion in an annual spending bill of $5.7 billion requested by President Trump for the construction of an additional 234 miles of fencing to be added to the existing security barrier along the U.S. border with Mexico. On January 8, with no end to the impasse in sight, President Trump threatened to declare a national emergency empowering him to bypass to fund the border fencing. However, by January 12, what had become the longest lasting government shutdown in U.S. history had shuttered nine of the 15 federal executive branch agencies, and left over 800,000 federal workers- including Border Patrol officers, TSA agents, and air traffic controllers- either working without pay or sitting at home on furlough. Trash began piling up and visitor safety became an issue at national parks as park rangers had been sent home. Although Congress had passed a bill on January 11 providing eventual full back pay for the employees, the strain of missed paychecks became obvious.   In a televised address on January 19, President Trump offered a proposal he hoped would bring Democrats back to the bargaining table to negotiate on an immigration reform for border security deal that would end the then 29-day-long government shutdown. The president offered to back immigration policies Democrats and had long requested, including a three-year revival of the DACA- Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals- program in return for approval of a permanent $7 billion border security package, including $5.7 billion for the border wall. DACA is a currently expired immigration policy enacted by President Obama allowing eligible individuals who were brought to the United States illegally as children to receive a renewable two-year period of deferred action from deportation and become eligible for a work permit in the U.S. Less than an hour after the president’s address, Democrats rejected the bargain because it failed to offer permanent protection for the DACA immigrants and because it still included money for the border wall. Democrats again demanded that President Trump end the shutdown before negotiations continued. On January 24, Government Executive magazine reported that based on salary data from the U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM), the then 34-day-long partial government was costing U.S. taxpayers more than $86 million a day in back pay promised to more than 800,000 furloughed workers. A Temporary Agreement Reached On January 25, President Trump announced that an agreement had been reached between his office and Democratic leaders in Congress that would temporarily reopen the government until February 15 without the inclusion of any funding for construction of additional border fencing. The agreement also provided that all federal employees affected by the shutdown would receive full back pay. According to the President, the delay would allow for further negotiations on funding of the border wall, which he said remained a necessity to national security. Finally, the President stated that if funding for the border wall was not agreed to by February 15, he would either reinstate the government shutdown or declare a national emergency allowing him to reallocate existing fund for the purpose. However, on February 15, the president signed a compromise spending bill averting another shutdown. The same day, he issued a National Emergency Proclamation redirecting $3.5 billion from the Defense Department’s military construction budget to the construction of new border wall. Under the terms of the Antideficiency Act, the shutdown may not have been legal in the first place. Since the government had the $5.7 billion needed to build the border wall, the shutdown had been based on an issue of political ideology rather than an issue of economic necessity, as required by the law. The Ghosts of Shutdowns Past Between 1981 and 2019, there were five government shutdowns. While the first four went largely unnoticed by anybody but the federal employees affected, the American people shared the pain during the last one.   1981: President Reagan vetoed a continuing resolution, and 400,000 federal employees were sent home at lunch and told not to come back. A few hours later, President Reagan signed a new version of the continuing resolution and the workers were back at work the next morning. 1984: With no approved budget, 500,000 federal workers were sent home. An emergency spending bill had them all back at work the next day. 1990: With no budget or continuing resolution, the government shuts down during the entire three-day Columbus Day weekend. Most workers were off anyway and an emergency spending bill signed by President Bush over the weekend had them back at work Tuesday morning. 1995-1996: Two government shutdowns beginning on November 14, 1995, idled different functions of the federal government for various lengths of time until April of 1996. The most serious government shutdowns in the nations history resulted from a budget impasse between Democratic President Clinton and the Republican-controlled Congress over funding for Medicare, education, the environment, and public health. 2013: For 17 tedious days, from October 1 through October 16, the perennial disagreement between Republicans and Democrats in Congress over spending forced a partial shutdown that saw more than 800,000 federal employees furloughed, U.S veterans locked out of their own war memorials, and millions of visitors forced to leave national parks. Unable to pass a conventional annual budget, Congress considered a continuing resolution (CR) that would have maintained funding at current levels for six months. In the House, Tea Party Republicans attached amendments to the CR that would have delayed implementation of President Obama’s healthcare reform law–Obamacare–for one year. This amended CR had no chance of passing in the Democrat-controlled Senate. The Senate sent the House a â€Å"clean† CR with no amendments, but Speaker of the House John Boehner refused to allow the clean CR to come to a vote of the House. As a result of the impasse over Obamacare, no funding CR was passed by October 1- the end of the government’s 2013 fiscal year- and the shutdown began. As the shutdown drug on, public opinion of Republicans, Democrats and President Obama began to plummet and, to make matters worse, the U.S. was set to reach its debt limit on October 17. Failing to pass legislation raising the debt limit by the deadline could have forced the government to default on its debt for the first time in history, placing the payment of federal benefits in danger of being delayed. On October 16, faced with the debt limit crisis and increasing public disgust with Congress, Republicans and Democrats finally agreed on and passed a bill temporarily reopening the government and increasing the debt limit. Ironically, the bill- driven by the government’s need to reduce spending- also spent billions of dollars, including a tax-free gift of $174,000 to the widow of a deceased senator. The Costs of Government Shutdowns The first of the two government shutdowns in 1995-1996 lasted only six days, from November 14 to November 20. Following the six-day shutdown, the Clinton administration released an estimate of what the six days of an idled federal government had cost. Lost Dollars: The six-day shutdown cost taxpayers about $800 million, including $400 million to furloughed federal employees who were paid, but did not report to work and another $400 million in lost revenue in the four days that the IRS enforcement divisions were closed.Medicare: Some 400,000 newly eligible Medicare recipients were delayed in applying for the program.Social Security: Claims from 112,000 new Social Security applicants were not processed. 212,000 new or replacement Social Security cards were not issued. 360,000 office visits were denied. 800,000 toll-free calls for information were not answered.Healthcare: New patients were not accepted into clinical research at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) clinical center. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ceased disease surveillance and hotline calls to NIH concerning diseases were not answered.Environment: Toxic waste clean-up work at 609 sites stopped as 2,400 Superfund workers were sent home.Law Enforcemen t and Public Safety: Delays occurred in the processing of alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and explosives applications by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms; work on more than 3,500 bankruptcy cases reportedly was suspended; cancellation of the recruitment and testing of federal law enforcement officials reportedly occurred, including the hiring of 400 border patrol agents; and delinquent child-support cases were delayed. US Veterans: Multiple veterans services were curtailed, ranging from health and welfare to finance and travel.Travel: 80,000 passport applications were delayed. 80,000 visas were delayed. The resulting postponement or cancellation of travel cost U.S. tourist industries and airlines millions of dollars.National Parks: 2 million visitors were turned away from the nations national parks resulting in the loss of millions in revenue.Government-Backed Loans: FHA mortgage loans worth more than $800 million to more than 10,000 low-and-moderate-income working families were delayed. How a Government Shutdown Might Affect You As directed by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), the federal agencies now maintain contingency plans for dealing with government shutdowns. The emphasis of those plans is to determine which functions should continue. Most notably, the Department of Homeland Security and its Transportation Security Administration (TSA) did not exist in 1995 when the last long-term government shutdown took place. Due to the critical nature of their function, it is highly likely that the TSA would continue to function normally during a government shutdown.Based on history, here is how a long-term government shutdown might impact some government-provided public services. Social Security: Benefit checks would probably keep coming, but no new applications would be accepted or processed.Income Tax: The IRS will probably stop processing paper tax returns and refunds.Border Patrol: Customs and Border Patrol functions will probably continue.Welfare: Again, the checks would probably continue, but new applications for food stamps might not be processed.Mail: The U.S. Postal Service supports itself, so mail deliveries would continue as usual.National Defense: All active duty members of all branches of all armed services would continue duty as usual, but might not get paid on time. More than half of the Defense Departments 860,000 civilian employees would also work, the others sent home.Justice System: Federal courts should remain open. Criminals will still be chased, caught, prosecuted and thrown in federal prisons, which would still be operating.Farms/USDA: Food safety inspections will probably continue, but rural development, and farm credit and loan progra ms will probably close down. Transportation: Air traffic control, TSA security personnel, and the Coast Guard will remain on the job. Applications for passports and visas may not be processed.National Parks/Tourism: Parks and forests will probably close and visitors told to leave. Visitor and interpretive centers will be closed. Non-volunteer rescue and fire control services might be shut down. National monuments and most historic sites will probably be closed. Parks police will probably continue their patrols.